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1. General Information Building Type (Indigenous name for the housing type): ^* Country: ^* Region(s) Where Found: (Provide the name(s) of the region(s) where this housing type exists; the region might indicate state, province or a similar political entity; if possible,indicate percentage this housing type as a fraction of the entire housing stock in the region) Summary: provide a brief summary of the housing type; the summary should include the description of building function, structural strengths and deficiencies, and expected seismic performance. How long has this construction type been practiced? If yes, in practice as of: Is this construction type still being practiced?Building Occupancy: Select all that apply ^* Typical Number of Stories:

Indicate how often this construction type in the given terrain?

Flat ^* Sloped (hilly) ^* Additional Comments on Section 1:

2. Features Plan Shape: (Select the typical shape of a building plan for this construction type) ^* Additional comments on plan shape: (If Other selected above, please describe.)

Plan Dimensions

Typical Plan Length (meters): Typical Plan Width (meters): Typical Story Height (meters): Type of Structural System: Select all that apply ^* Additional comments on structural system: (If Other selected, please explain. If there is more than one type of structural system, please explain.) Gravity load-bearing & lateral load-resisting systems: (Describe the key elements)

Typical Wall Densities (total wall area (excluding openings)/plan area (for each floor)): Use the area of all walls in one direction divided by the area of the plan, and then do it for the walls going in the other direction (also divided by the area of the plan). Give a number for each direction if they are different.

Direction 1 ^* Direction 2 ^* Additional comments on typical wall densities: Wall Openings: Housing vulnerability is significantly affected by openings in the walls (e.g. doors and windows), and especially their number, size and position; this statement is particularly valid for loadbearing masonry and concrete wall structures. Provide the number, size and position of openings for a typical floor in a building. If possible, provide an estimate (expressed in %) for the overall window and door areas as a fraction of the overall wall surface area. Is it typical for buildings of this type to have common walls with adjacent buildings? Modification of Buildings: (Describe typical patterns of modification observed (i.e. infill balconies, demolishing interior walls or columns, extensions to buildings, new stairs, etc.)) Type of Foundation: (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on foundation: (If other selected, please explain. If there is more than one foundation type, please explain) Type of Floor System: (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on floor system: (e.g. is floor diaphragm rigid or flexible?) Type of Roof System: (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on roof system: (e.g. is roof diaphragm rigid or flexible?) Type of infill wall material: (if applicable) Additional Comments on Section 2

3. Building Materials and Construction Process

Description of Building Materials

Wall/Frame Building material(s) Wall/Frame Comments (Include Characteristic strength, see Note 1, and Mix Proportion/Dimensions, see Note 2) Foundations Building material(s) Foundations Comments (Include Characteristic strength, see Note 1, and Mix Proportion/Dimensions, see Note 2) Floors Building material(s) Floors Comments (Include Characteristic strength, see Note 1, and Mix Proportion/Dimensions, see Note 2) Roof Building material(s) Roof Comments (Include Characteristic strength, see Note 1, and Mix Proportion/Dimensions, see Note 2) Other Building material(s) Other Comments (Include Characteristic strength, see Note 1, and Mix Proportion/Dimensions, see Note 2)

Notes: 1. Tension/compression/shear strength (e.g. concrete compression strength, steel yield strength, masonry compressive/shear strength; 2. Explain mix of different materials used in the construction e.g. masonry mortar mix (1:6 cement/sand mortar or 1:3 lime/sand mortar); concrete mix 1:2:4 (cement:sand:aggregate) ; dimensions of masonry units e.g. brick size 228mm(9 in.)x 114mm(4.5 in.)x 76mm(3in.)

Design process

Who is involved in the design process? ^* Explain the roles of those selected in the design process Describe the expertise of those selected

Construction process

Who typically builds this construction type? ^* Explain roles of those selected in the building process (If Other selected, please explain.) Describe expertise of those selected Construction Process and Phasing (e.g. Briefly describe the construction process; and what tools and/or equipment are typically used.) Construction issues (describe any problems encountered during construction that relate to seismic vulnerability)

Building Codes and Standards

Is this construction type addressed by codes/standards? If yes, provide the title of the code or standard and the year when the first code/standard addressing this type of construction had been issued? Include any applicable codes. Process for Building Code Enforcement (explain, if appropriate)

Building Permits and Development Control Rules

Are building permits required?Is this typically informal construction? (without permits, plans, inspection-explain)Is this construction typically authorized as per development control rules? Additional comments on building permits and development control rules:

Building Maintenance and Condition

Typical Problems Associated with this Type of Construction (e.g. environmental, water ingress) Who typically maintains buildings of this type? (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments regarding both maintenance and building condition: (If other above, please explain)

Construction Economics

Explain unit construction cost: per m2 of built-up area expressed using a currency used in the region, and, if possible, an equivalent amount in $US in the brackets e.g. 200 Rs/m2 (5 $US/m2) (When calculating the conversion between local currency and U.S. dollars, please use the market rate if it is different from the official rate)) Explain labor requirements (number of effort days required to complete the construction): Additional Comments on Section 3

4. Socio-Economic Issues Patterns of Occupancy:

Typical number of inhabitants

How many inhabitants reside in a typical building of this construction type during the day? (i.e. during business hours) (select all that apply) ^* How many inhabitants reside in a typical building of this construction type in the evening/night? (select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on number of inhabitants: (if Other selected, specify number) Economic Level of Inhabitants*: (Select all that apply) ^*

*Below are the general guidelines related to the economic status of the inhabitants:

Very Poor = lowest 10% of the population (per GDP)

Poor = lowest 30% of the population

Middle Class = from the lowest 30% up to the top 20% of the population

Rich = top 20% of the population

Additional comments on economic level of inhabitants: What is the typical source of financing for buildings of this type? (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on financing: (If Combination or Other selected, please explain) Type of ownership for buildings of this type? (Select all that apply) ^* Additional comments on ownership: (if Other selected, please explain)

Insurance:

Is earthquake insurance for this construction type typically available? If earthquake insurance is available, what does this insurance typically cover/cost? Are premium discounts or higher coverages available for seismically strengthened buildings or new buildings built to incorporate seismically resistant features? Additional comments on premium discounts: Additional Comments on Section 4

5. Earthquake Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type Damage patterns observed in past earthquakes for this construction type: Additional comments on earthquake damage patterns:

Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance (Note that this table should be filled out based on educated judgment-- no design checks or calculations need to be performed.)

Lateral load path - The structure contains a complete load path for seismic force effects from any horizontal direction that serves to transfer inertial forces from the building to the foundation. ^* Building Configuration-Vertical - The building is regular with regards to the elevation. (Specify in 5.4.1) ^* Building Configuration-Horizontal - The building is regular with regards to the plan. (Specify in 5.4.2) ^* Roof Construction - The roof diaphragm is considered to be rigid and it is expected that the roof structure will maintain its integrity, i.e. shape and form, during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. ^* Floor Construction - The floor diaphragm(s) are considered to be rigid and it is expected that the floor structure(s) will maintain its integrity during an earthquake of intensity expected in this area. ^* Foundation Performance - There is no evidence of excessive foundation movement (e.g. settlement) that would affect the integrity or performance of the structure in an earthquake. ^* Wall and Frame Structures-Redundancy - The number of lines of walls or frames in each principal direction is greater than or equal to 2. ^* Wall Proportions - Height-to-thickness ratio of the shear walls at each floor level is: Less than 25 (concrete walls); Less than 30 (reinforced masonry walls); Less than 13 (unreinforced masonry walls); ^* Foundation-Wall Connection - Vertical load-bearing elements (columns, walls) are attached to the foundations; concrete columns and walls are doweled into the foundation. ^* Wall-Roof Connections - Exterior walls are anchored for out-of-plane seismic effects at each diaphragm level with metal anchors or straps. ^* Wall Openings ^* Quality of Building Materials - Quality of building materials is considered to be adequate per the requirements of national codes and standards (an estimate). ^* Quality of Workmanship - Quality of workmanship (based on visual inspection of a few typical buildings) is considered to be good (per local construction standards). ^* Maintenance - Buildings of this type are generally well maintained and there are no visible signs of deterioration of building elements (concrete, steel, timber). ^* Additional comments on Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance:

Building Irregularities

Select vertical irregularities typically found in this construction type: ^* Select horizontal irregularities typically found in this construction type: ^*

Seismic Features

Walls

Seismic Deficiency in Walls Earthquake–Resilient Features in Walls (Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)

Frame (columns, beams)

Seismic Deficiency in Frame Earthquake–Resilient Features in Frame (Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)

Roof and floors

Seismic Deficiency in Roof and Floors Earthquake–Resilient Features in Roof and Floors(Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)

Foundation

Seismic Deficiency in Foundation Earthquake–Resilient Features in Foundation (Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)

Other

Seismic Deficiency in Other Earthquake–Resilient Features in Other (Describe positive structural features that contribute to the good seismic performance)

Seismic Vulnerability Rating

High vulnerabilty

A ^* B ^*

Medium vulnerability

C ^* D ^*

Low vulnerability

E ^* F ^* Additional comments (e.g. explain how this vulnerability rating was assigned) Additional Comments on Section 5

6. Retrofit

Description of seismic strengthening provisions

Description of seismic | Strengthening provisions Additional comments: Provide additional information about the strengthening techniques to the extent they are available to you.

Seismic Strengthening Adopted

Has seismic strengthening described in the above table been performed? If so, to what extent? Was the work done as a mitigation effort on an undamaged building, or as repair following earthquake damage?

Construction and Performance of Seismic Strengthening

Was the construction inspected in the same manner as new construction? Who performed the construction: a contractor, or owner/user? Was an architect or engineer involved? What has been the performance of retrofitted buildings of this type in subsequent earthquakes? Additional Comments on Section 6:

7. References References Authors Reviewers

7. Confirm Email ^*

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